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国家商检局关于印发《国家商检局关于贯彻落实<商检法>强化检验把关的决定》的通知

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国家商检局关于印发《国家商检局关于贯彻落实<商检法>强化检验把关的决定》的通知

国家商检局


国家商检局关于印发《国家商检局关于贯彻落实<商检法>强化检验把关的决定》的通知

(国检办〔1990〕110号 一九九0年三月二十六日)
 

各地商检局:

  现将《国家商检局关于贯彻落实〈商检法〉强化检验把关的决定》印发给你们,请认真组织学习,按照“决定”的要求贯彻执行。

  附:国家商检局关于贯彻落实《商检法》强化检验把关的决定

 

      国家商检局关于贯彻落实《商检法》强化检验把关的决定

 

              一、商检面临的形势

 

  (一)党的十一届三中全会以来的十年中,在党中央、国务院的领导和各地方、各有关部门的支持下,我国的进出口商品检验工作迅速发展。全国商检部门认真执行国家有关的方针政策和法规,既把关又服务,在任务繁重、条件比较艰苦的情况下,采取一系列有效措施,加强了进出口商品的检验和监督管理,较好地完成了检验把关任务,对维护国家和消费者利益,促进进出口商品质量的提高,配合对外经济贸易的发展,起到了积极的作用。商检的机构、队伍建设,技术能力,法制建设和内部管理等有了很大的加强和提高。特别是《商检法》的颁布实施,进一步加强了商检工作的地位和作用,使商检工作进入了一个新的发展阶段。

  一九八九年商检部门经受了严峻的考验,取得了很大的成绩。集中表现在:

在动乱和反革命暴乱中,广大商检职工排除干扰,坚守岗位,以实际行动与党中央、国务院保持一致;在外贸出现困难的情况下,扩大了检验、监督管理的进出口商品品种范围,并针对国外对部分出口商品质量的强烈反映和要求,从实际出发,采取有效措施,加强了检验把关;商检的内部建设有了明显加强,政治思想工作取得了较好效果。一九八九年共检验进出口商品一百零三万六千多批,货值四百七十九亿三千多万美元,分别比上年增加百分之十二点九四和二十二点四;发现不合格出口商品三万多批,货值六亿五千多万美元,发现不合格进口商品一万五千多批,货值五十一亿多美元,挽回了国家经济损失,维护了国家和消费者利益,为超额完成外贸进出口任务做出了贡献。

  (二)在充分肯定成绩的同时,也必须清醒地看到,当前商检工作面临的形势仍然是十分严峻的,在前进中也存在着许多困难和问题。随着我国改革开放的深入发展,对外经济贸易关系不断扩大,进出口商品结构有较大变化,商检任务日益繁重,尤其是对外贸易经营体制改革后,贸易方式、经营渠道、经营做法发生了很大变化,而国际市场竞争激烈,对商品质量的要求越来越高,检验项目增多,给商检把关带来了不少新的困难和问题,使商检工作的面更宽,范围更广,任务更重。进口商品中以次充好、以少充多、以旧充新和掺杂使假等问题时有发生;部分出口生产企业放松质量管理,甚至有意弄虚作假,少数外贸公司不注重经营管理,放松进货验收,以致出口商品质量严重下降,国外反映强烈,索赔、退货和强制扣留以致销毁的事件有增无减,给国家信誉造成不可估量的损害,严重影响对外贸易的发展。为了配合国家和外贸治理整顿,促进外贸发展,在商检人员和设备增加不多,财务不充实的情况下,扩大了《种类表》,增加了检验把关任务,加以收用货单位和生产、经营单位点多面广,对检验时间要求紧,给商检工作增加了难度。从商检部门检查,确实存在部分进出口商品检验任务不落实和检验把关不严的情况;在内部管理上,也存在不少薄弱环节和漏洞;在前几年淡化思想政治工作和“一切向钱看”思想影响下,少数商检人员思想、业务技术素质不高,工作责任心不强,甚至玩忽职守、违法乱纪的情况也程度不同地存在。尽管这些问题不是主流,但它造成的危害,对国家和商检声誉的影响是不可低估的,任其发展下去,后果将不堪设想。全体商检人员,尤其是各级领导干部,都必须充分认识到商检部门的任务艰巨,责任很重,面临着新的挑战和新的机遇。要增强责任心和紧迫感,抓住当前的关键时刻,积极行动起来,以强化检验把关和监督管理为中心,切实抓好商检的治理整顿和深化改革,把商检工作搞上去,以适应形势发展的需要。

 

         二、强化检验把关和监督管理的主要目标

 

  (三)党的十三届五中全会做出了《关于进一步治理整顿和深化改革的决定》,为商检工作的发展指明了方向。进出口商品检验工作是国家涉外经济监督管理的一个重要方面,是治理整顿工作的一个重要内容。商检工作搞得好不好,进出口商品质量关能否把好,不仅关系到商检事业的发展,更关系到对外经济贸易的发展,关系到国家声誉和改革开放的形象。全国商检部门一定要认真贯彻执行党的四中全会、五中全会精神,从一九九0年起,用两年或者更多一些时间进行治理整顿和深化改革,坚持既把关又服务,全面落实《商检法》赋予商检部门的职责任务,把《种类表》和其他法律、行政法规规定须经商检机构检验的进出口商品检验工作真正落到实处,做到严格按照有关规定和标准取样、检验和出证,切实加强进出口商品的检验把关和监督管理,坚持杜绝检验签证工作中的重大责任事故,杜绝经商检的出口商品发生全国或地区性的重大质量事故,使经商检的出口商品国外索赔和不良反映明显减少,使出口商品质量和商检信誉得到改善和提高。

  实现上述目标有许多有利因素。经过四十年的努力,全国商检部门已建成一支素质较好的职工队伍,具有一定的检验手段和技术力量,建立了一套行之有效的规章制度和做法,积累了许多经验。《商检法》的颁布实施,使商检工作走上了有法可依的轨道。商检职工的执法观念增强了,法制建设和基础工作正在不断加强和完善。在外部环境上有利条件也很多。主要是党中央、国务院对商检工作十分重视,国务院各部门和地方政府也更加支持商检工作。经过清理整顿公司和调整产业结构,有关部门对抓商品质量的重要性的认识有所提高,支持商检加强检验把关工作,有些出口商品质量开始有所好转。这些对商检部门做好检验把关和监督管理工作是十分有利的。我们一定要增加信心,充分发挥有利因素,克服困难,努力实现强化检验把关和监督管理的目标,开创商检工作的新局面。

 

        三、切实加强进出口商品的检验把关和监督管理

 

  (四)进一步加强对进口商品的检验和监督管理。对《种类表》和其他法律、行政法规规定须经商检机构检验的进口商品,严格按照国家有关规定和标准,对商品的质量、规格、数量、重量、包装以及是否符合安全、卫生要求,认真检验把关。对不合格商品及时出具检验证书,供有关单位对外索赔。

  1、对《种类表》进口商品要逐笔做好登记、检验和核销工作,严格按规定取样和检验把关。凡涉及安全、卫生的进口商品,除按合同规定检验外,还应按国家强制性标准检验把关。

  2、对一九九0年五月一日起实行进口质量许可制度的九种进口商品,要抓紧落实各项措施,严格检测和审查,加强监督管理。

  3、对集中到货、分散使用的进口大宗商品,有关商检局要加强联系,沟通信息,统一掌握,统一对外。到货口岸商检局应主动牵头,协调抓总。

  4、对成套设备和金额较大的关键设备或原料,到货后检验有困难的,应组织到生产国进行装船前检验。

  (五)进一步加强出口商品的检验和监督管理。对《种类表》和其他法律、行政法规规定须经商检机构检验的出口商品,严格按照国家有关规定和标准,对商品的质量、规格、数量、重量、包装以及是否符合安全、卫生要求,全面加强检验把关。对装运出口易腐烂变质食品的船舱和集装箱,要进一步加强装运技术条件的检验。对出口危险货物的包装,要切实做好包装容器的性能鉴定和使用鉴定。各地商检部门要花大力气组织落实上述商品和项目的检验和管理,堵塞漏洞,使出口商品的质量尽快好转。

  1、对已实行卫生注册管理的《种类表》出口食品,要进一步加强检验和监督管理。产地商检局必须严格按照国家局的有关规定,加强对加工卫生条件和质量管理的监督检查。在厂检把关的基础上逐批进行商检把关。上述食品未经卫生注册和产地商检局检验合格,并签发换证凭单的,任何商检局均不得接受出口报验,并应及时通知产地商检局查处。对工业主管部已实行出口厂代号管理的罐头食品,凡未经批准厂代号的企业,一律不予办理商检注册手续。对其他食品,要按照《食品卫生法》规定,统一明确卫生监督、检验的范围和内容,由产地商检局负责监督、检验和放行。

  2、鉴于《种类表》出口轻纺产品量大、面广、品种复杂,商检不可能批批检验,应实行分类管理,采取商检检验或组织专门机构检验或与有关部门共同检验或认可厂检员的做法,把检验工作落到实处。不论采取何种形式,商检均应加强监督管理,对认可其他部门检验的,商检要定期抽查商品质量,切实把好质量关。

  3、对产地分散、把关困难的部分《种类表》出口农副产品,进一步明确产销检把三关的质量责任,在督促生产、经营单位加强检验的基础上,商检实行相对集中检验,改变商检检验代替出厂检验和外贸验收的做法,切实把好产地发运前的最后一道关。

  4、对涉及安全、卫生项目的《种类表》出口商品,除严格依照合同和法律、行政法规规定检验外,还要依照进口国规定检验把关。凡涉及安全、卫生项目不合格的出口商品,即使国外客户确认,也不准放行,特殊情况必须及时报告国家局决定。

  5、对特殊情况要实行加严检验的措施,如近期内发生过严重质量问题的出口商品,应扩大抽样,从严检验;对发生过或有可能掺杂使假的商品,可采取倒包检验,甚至逐件检验,等等。

  (六)按照《检商法》规定,落实列入《种类表》内进出口商品检验把关任务,除了以商检部门为主外,还可利用经商检部门认可或指定的各专业检验机构。要根据检验把关任务的需要,通过认真考核和后续管理,把商检部门不具备检验条件的检验任务,落实给符合条件的专业检验机构承担。并对专业检验机构明确任务,明确责任,加强日常监督管理。

  (七)进一步加强产地出口商检工作。产地检验是把好出口商检关的基础,必须进一步落实加强检验把关的措施。对《种类表》出口商品,除国家局规定需集中在口岸进行检验的以外,应由产地商检局实施检验,切实把好质量关,防止不合格商品发运出口。对已实行质量许可制度的《种类表》出口商品,未经产地商检局签发换证凭单的,口岸商检局均不得接受报验。

  (八)进一步加强口岸查验工作。口岸查验是出口商检的最后一道关。各口岸商检局必须从全局出发,切实担负起查验的责任,严把最后一道关。采取有效措施,把不合格商品堵截在国门之内,这是口岸局的重要职责。对运往口岸的易腐易变出口商品,口岸商检局应按国家局有关规定有重点地查验品质;对非易腐易变出口商品,凡必须签发口岸商检局证书或国家局明文规定需增加口岸查验的,口岸商检局应按有关规定检验,经口岸商检局检验不合格的商品,一律不得出口。口岸商检局应定期向国家局报告查验情况,并反馈给有关商检局。

  (九)拟报国务院批准、在重点口岸设置国家局直属的监督检查机构。其主要任务是:代表国家局对各局检验合格的出口商品组织抽查检验;监督检查各局执行法规制度的情况;抽查检验和签证工作质量;协调处理商检局之间关系;调查重大检验工作质量事故,提出处理意见报国家局决定。

  (十)严格批次管理。鉴于当前错装错运、换货掺杂的情况比较严重,必须严格批次管理,确保货证相符。凡经商检局检验的出口商品,无论是否《种类表》商品,都必须分清批次,并在检验单证上具体列明,便于出口装运时核对掌握。产地商检局在签发换证凭单时,必须按照国家局规定要求,详细填写品名、数量、生产批号、检验情况和检验方式等内容。口岸商检局发现上述内容不清,批次不符,不能确保货证相符的,应立即通知产地商检局查清原因,以便查验换证,否则不予放行。对有需要又有条件实施封识管理的出口商品,产地商检局检验后应实施封识管理,并在换证凭单上注明。

  (十一)进一步加强对有关部门检验工作的监督管理。要按照《商检法》的规定,逐步开展对《种类表》外进出口商品的抽查检验;对于已实行认可检验、质量许可制度和卫生注册的检验机构和生产企业,要加强后续管理,除日常监督检查以外,应建立定期的监督抽查制度,发现问题应按有关规定处理。对经过督促仍不符合条件的,应立即收回检验或吊销有关证书。对质量问题严重,改进措施不力或者有严重弄虚作假行为的生产、经营单位,各地商检局在查处的同时,可采取停止接受报验的措施。

 

       四、健全商检工作质量保证体系,加强自我约束机制

 

  (十二)进一步加强商检工作的宏观管理和完善自我约束机制。国家局及各地局都必须切实加强对进出口商品质量和检验工作的综合分析,加强政策和法规的研究,完善工作制度,落实规范化管理的措施,加强对工作质量的检查和考核,努力提高商检的内部管理水平。

  (十三)加强商检法制建设,把商检工作纳入依法办事的轨道。一方面,要抓紧《商检法》各项配套法规和规章办法的制、修订工作,加快清理原有法规、规章办法,逐步健全和完善法规体系。另一方面,要抓好法制教育,增强商检人员的法制观念。《行政诉讼法》将于一九九0年十月一日起施行,要教育商检人员,增强执法和守法观念,严格依法办事,避免随意性。

  (十四)对检验、鉴定和签证工作程序实行规范化管理。这是加强商检业务基础管理,保证商检工作质量的重要措施,必须切实抓好。要通过改革和加强管理,扭转部分商检人员工作随意性大,取样、检验不规范,证书质量不高,基础工作薄弱和审核把关不严等偏向。

  1、落实各个工作环节的岗位责任制和工作要求,形成制度化,使所有检验、鉴定和检务人员都明确自己的职责和要求,以及不履行职责应承担的责任。要切实做到:严格按照规定接受报验;严格按照检验依据、操作规程和有关规定进行取样、检验和鉴定,并在规定期限内完成任务;认真填写检验原始记录和核查有关单位的检验结果,确保检验、鉴定结果准确,评定正确;认真拟写证稿和核签把关,保证证单质量。以上要求必须落实到每个商品、每个工作环节和每份商检证单上。

  2、每道工序均须核查上道工序的工作质量,对不符合要求的,必须退回改正。特别是取样、检验和鉴定的原即记录不详,认可检验的签证放行未附商检核对的记录,批次不清,证明内容与合同、信用证要求不符,以及核签权限不符合规定的证稿,一律不准出检验处室。凡经检务部门发现的,不予签证放行,严防差错事故出局。

  3、对外签发检验证书必须严格按照国家局规定,详细列明取样情况、检验依据、具体检验结果和评定意见。

  (十五)各级领导都必须把加强工作质量的检查和监督作为经常性的重要工作来抓。要把是否经常抓工作质量,列不干部述职考核的重要内容。结合各地的实际情况,制订工作质量的检查和监督制度,经常检查检验工作的落实和业务管理的情况,检查商检证单质量,以及商检人员的工作和遵纪守法情况。为使工作质量的检查、监督制度化,各地商检局必须在内部建立稽查制度,配备专门人员从事工作质量的检查和监督。凡是经过商检出口的商品,国外索赔或反映强烈的,均须逐批检查原始记录,查明差错原因,分清责任归属,及时报告局领导和国家商检局。确属商检责任的,必须追究当事人、主管领导和审核人员的责任,并研究改进措施,防止差错事故的再次发生。

  (十六)继续进行商检内部职能分离的改革试点。在总结前几年试点的基础上,有条件的局可试行内部职能分离的改革,即对现已成立的商检专业检验所(或中心)不要赋予宏观管理的行政职能;对个别商检局内的检验、鉴定处,在人财物上给予一定的自主权,使之成为相对独立的检验实体--专业检验所或专业检验局,对外仍使用商检局的检验证单;某些业务量大、下属机构多的省局,还可根据实际需要进行管理与检验职能的分离试点。省局主要负责对全省进出口商品检验工作的宏观管理和对下属商检机构的管理和监督,检验工作由设在省内各地商检机构承担。由于职能分离涉及的问题较多,应本着积极、慎重、认真、稳妥的精神,经认真研究探索,提出方案报国家局批准后进行试点,待总结经验、权衡利弊后再研究推广的可行性。

  (十七)商检实验室是检验把关的重要方面,要从组织上、管理制度和技术力量等方面切实加强商检实验室的建设,通过考核定级,促使商检实验室早日达到或接近国际实验室的水平。

  (十八)建立检验专业资格审查和上岗培训制度。国家局拟在一九九0年内研究建立各项检验专业人员的资格审查制度,经过考核合格者发给证件。对检验、鉴定和检务部门的新进人员,由所在部门负责落实岗位培训、跟班操作,经半年至一年实习期满,并经考核合格后方准独立工作。对现有人员中未培训已上岗的,应视情况采取相应的培训措施进行补课。

 

         五、加强集中统一领导,抓好政治思想工作

 

  (十九)商检系统是一个整体,要顺利贯彻《商检法》,加强商检工作的集中统一领导十分重要,务必使全国商检部门从全局出发,执行统一的方针政策和法令,令行禁止,步调一致,共同努力完成繁重的检验把关任务,坚决反对分散主义。国家局要改进工作作风,提高工作效率,更好地为基层服务。

  (二十)严格请示报告制度。各级商检人员均须在各自的职权范围内进行工作,严禁越权行事。任何人均无权不检验即出证,或不按规定检验出证,更无权对不合格商品特准放行。遇有疑难问题或职权范围内不能处理的问题,应在本系统内逐级请示报告。凡发现质量事故,应及时向本局领导报告情况,组织查处。重大事故须随时报告国家局。各级领导,特别是国家局要深入调查研究,广泛听取意见,对下级请示报告的问题要及时答复或处理,坚决反对拖拉作风。

  (二十一)加强各级商检干部的管理。《商检法》的贯彻实施,商检加强检验把关和监督管理目标的实现,各级干部是决定的因素。尤其是局级领导一定要把主要精力放到抓《商检法》的落实,研究带倾向性的问题上,采取坚决有效措施,把《商检法》落到实处。要进一步加强干部队伍的建设,坚持任人唯贤,进人、提干都必须严格把关。对领导班子不齐、力量不足的单位,要抓紧配备充实。今后凡提拔处以上主管业务的领导干部,必须从德才兼备并熟悉商检业务政策,了解工作环节,有相当商检实际工作经验的同志中选拔。对现有各级干部要加强管理,分别情况进行培训和考核。凡定期考核不称职的,以及在分管工作范围内发生重大事故又改进不力的干部,应及时免职或调整。

  (二十二)适当集中使用商检的财力。在国家财政暂时困难的情况下,要动员全体商检职工,树立过几年紧日子的思想,依靠自力更生解决困难,加强检验把关。鉴于商检系统财力分散,各地发展不平衡,为了保证重点,有计划有步骤地加强各局的检验实力,国家局决定在现有财务承包制度不变的情况下,调整各局的上缴和补贴金额。在财务开支上,经财政部同意,设置了教育培训、仪器设备、科研等专项资金,各局应根据需要用好。对各地长期搁置不用的检验仪器设备和有关业务专项资金,在系统内适当调剂使用,把有限的财力、物力用在刀刃上。

  (二十三)严明商检的组织纪律,加强商检队伍的廉政建设。为促进商检的队伍建设和做好检验把关工作,必须严格组织纪律,赏罚分明。要运用各种方式,大力表彰奖励商检系统的劳动模范、先进工作者和先进集体,以及热爱商检事业、工作成绩优异的同志。对于商检工作中的责任事故决不能姑息迁就,一定要在查清事实的基础上,按照情节轻重,严肃处理。对触犯刑律的,依法移送司法机关处理。

  (二十四)加强商检职工的政治思想教育。各级领导在抓好业务工作的同时,必须重视抓好思想教育工作,充分发挥政治思想工作的保证作用。首先要引导广大商检职工,把思想和行动统一到党的路线、方针、政策和坚持四项基本原则上来。要认真贯彻《中共中央关于加强党同人民群众联系的决定》,深入基层,切实解决群众最关心而又有条件解决的问题,以实际行动密切党群关系。同时,要结合商检特点,加强廉政、职业道德、爱国主义和遵纪守法教育。团结广大商检职工,发扬实事求是、认真负责、艰苦奋斗的思想作风和工作作风,共同努力树立商检证书的国际信誉和商检人员的良好形象,建设一支为检清廉、秉公执法、严格把关、文明服务的商检职工队伍,为贯彻《商检法》,发展我国的对外经济贸易做出更大的贡献。


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海南省船舶港务费征收办法

海南省政府


海南省船舶港务费征收办法
海南省政府



办法
第一条 为了加强我省地方港口的港航监督和安全管理,做好船舶港务费征收工作,根据中华人民共和国交通部颁布的《沿海港口费收规则》及国家有关规定,结合本省的实际情况,制定本办法。
第二条 所有进出我省港航监督部门所辖沿海、内河港口的船舶(包括外国、港、澳、台船舶),均应缴纳船舶港务费。本办法第三条规定免征的船舶除外。
第三条 下列船舶免征船舶港务费:
(一)遇难避难船;
(二)特殊公务船,即非营运的军事、公安、边防、海关、检疫,科学考察船舶、体育船、板、筏;
(三)捕鱼船;
(四)港内工作船,包括公共事业性的环卫船、非营业性的供水供油船,纯属港务作业的驳船以及其他辅助船;
(五)运费收入在应缴纳船舶港务费二倍以下而能提供证明的船舶;
(六)空船。
遇难避难船恢复正常营运、特殊公务船、捕鱼船、港内工作船从事经营性运输和经营性作业,不予免征船舶港务费。
第四条 船舶港务费由海南省港航监督局及其下属的各港航监督部门负责征收,或者由省港航监督局委托单位代收。
第五条 船舶港务费的计费单位为净吨(无净吨的按载重吨,下同),马力,立方。
排筏按立方计征;拖轮按马力计征;货轮执行拖带任务时,无论本身是否装货均按马力计征;其余船舶,按净吨计征。
第六条 船舶港务费分别情况按航次或者按月征收。在港区内从事经营性活动的国内作业船舶、渡车船、客运船、旅游船、拖轮等,按月征收船舶港务费,其余船舶均按航次征收。
第七条 按航次征收船舶港务费的执行下列收费标准:
(一)国内船舶航行于国内航线的,每进港或出港一次,征收船舶港务费每净吨(马力、立方米)二角;航行于国际航线(含港澳台地区)的,每进港或出港一次,各征收船舶港务费每净吨(马力、立方米)三角五分。
(二)外国、港澳台船舶,每进港或出港一次,各征收船舶港务费每净吨(马力、立方米)四角五分。
按月征收船舶港务费的,均以每月每净吨(马力、立方米)二元的标准计征。
第八条 境内国营专业运输、集体所有制运输单位所属船舶可以现金或者支票方式缴纳船舶港务费。其余船舶一律以现金缴纳。收费单位应当将加盖收款章和经手人印章并注明日期的收据,交付款船方保管备查。
第九条 船舶港务费是用于水上安全管理的一项重要规费。各征收单位应当逐月将收取的船舶港务费上交省港航监督局,在省交通运输厅监督下,实行专款专用。
第十条 各级港航监督部门在办理船舶进、出港签证时,应当查验船舶是否已缴纳船舶港务费。发现漏交的,应当予以追补,拒不补交的,视情节处以应当交费额一至二倍的罚款,或者扣留牌证。触犯法律的,依法追究刑事责任。
第十一条 本办法所称“船舶”,包括各类排水或者非排水船、筏、水上飞机、潜水器和移动式平台。
第十二条 出入本省港航监督部门所辖水库区的船舶,适用本办法的有关规定。
第十三条 军用码头征收船舶港务费,可以参照本办法执行。
第十四条 本办法由海南省交通运输厅解释。
第十五条 本办法自发布之日起施行。过去本省有关规定与本办法相抵触的,按本办法执行。



1989年9月30日

中华人民共和国海上国际集装箱运输管理规定(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国海上国际集装箱运输管理规定(附英文)

1990年12月5日,国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强海上国际集装箱运输管理,明确有关各方责任,适应国家对外贸易的需要,制定本规定。
第二条 本规定适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的海上国际集装箱运输企业及与海上国际集装箱运输有关的单位和个人。
第三条 中华人民共和国交通部主管全国海上国际集装箱运输事业。
第四条 海上国际集装箱运输必须贯彻安全、准确、迅速、经济和文明服务的方针,积极发展门到门运输。

第二章 海上国际集装箱运输企业的开业审批
第五条 海上国际集装箱运输企业是指从事海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业、港口装卸企业及其承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站。
第六条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业,应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审核,报交通部审批。
第七条 设立港口国际集装箱装卸企业应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批,报交通部备案。
本办法发布后新设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站,应当经设立该企业的主管部门审核同意后,由省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批,报交通部备案。
对外经济贸易系统新设立的承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站的审批办法,由交通部会同对外经济贸易部另行制定。
第八条 设立中外合资经营、中外合作经营的海上国际集装箱运输企业,须经交通部审核同意后,按照有关法律、法规的规定,由对外经济贸易部审批。
第九条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业,应当具备以下条件:
(一)有与其经营范围和服务对象相适应的运输船舶、车辆、设备及其他有关设施;
(二)有相应的组织机构、办公场所、专业管理人员;
(三)有与所经营的集装箱运输业务相适应的注册资本和自有流动资金;
(四)国家法律、法规规定的设立企业的其他条件。
第十条 交通主管部门应当根据申请经营海上国际集装箱运输企业的资金来源、设备情况、管理水平、货源情况,审核批准其业务经营范围。
第十一条 交通主管部门应当将批准文件发给获准经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业。取得批准文件的单位,凭该文件向工商行政管理部门申请登记注册,经核准发给营业执照后,方可开业。
设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站,还应当向海关办理登记手续。

第三章 货运管理
第十二条 用于海上国际集装箱运输的集装箱,应当符合国际集装箱标准化组织规定的技术标准和有关国际集装箱公约的规定。
集装箱所有人、经营人应当做好集装箱的管理和维修工作,定期进行检验,以保证提供适宜于货物运输的集装箱。
违反本条第二款规定,造成货物损坏或短缺的,由责任人按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十三条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当保证运载集装箱的船舶、车辆、装卸机械及工具处于良好的技术状况,确保集装箱的运输及安全。
承运人及港口装卸企业违反本条第一款规定,造成货物损坏或短缺的,应当按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十四条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当使用集装箱运输单证。
第十五条 承运人可以直接组织承揽集装箱货物,托运人可以直接向承运人或委托货运代理人洽办进出口集装箱货物的托运业务。
第十六条 托运人应当如实申报货物的品名、性质、数量、重量、规格。托运的集装箱货物,必须符合集装箱运输的要求,其标志应当明显、清楚。
第十七条 托运人或承运人在货物装箱前应当认真检查箱体,不得使用影响货物运输、装卸安全的集装箱。
第十八条 装运粮油食品、冷冻品等易腐食品的集装箱,须经商检机构检验合格后方可使用。
第十九条 集装箱货物运达目的地后,承运人应当及时向收货人发出提货通知,收货人应当在收到通知后,凭提单提货。
收货人超过规定期限不提货或不按期限归还集装箱的,应当按照有关规定或合同约定支付货物、集装箱堆存费及支付集装箱超期使用费。
第二十条 海上国际集装箱的运费和其他费用,应当根据国家有关运输价格和费率的规定计收;国家没有规定的,按照双方商定的价格计收。任何单位不得乱收费用。
第二十一条 承运人及港口装卸企业,应当定期向交通主管部门报送运输统计报表。
第二十二条 与海上国际集装箱运输相关的各方应当及时相互提供集装箱运输信息。

第四章 交接和责任
第二十三条 承运人与托运人或收货人应当根据提单确定的交接方式,在码头堆场、货运站或双方商定的其他地点办理集装箱、集装箱货物交接。
第二十四条 参加海上国际集装箱运输的承运人、港口装卸企业应当按照下列规定办理集装箱交接:
(一)海上承运人通过理货机构与港口装卸企业在船边交接;
(二)经水路集疏运的集装箱,港口装卸企业与水路承运人在船边交接;
(三)经公路集疏运的集装箱,港口装卸企业与公路承运人在集装箱码头大门交接;
(四)经铁路集疏运的集装箱,港口装卸企业或公路承运人与铁路承运人在装卸场交接。
第二十五条 集装箱交接时,交接双方应当检查箱号、箱体和封志。重箱凭封志和箱体状况交接;空箱凭箱体状况交接。
交接双方检查箱号、箱体和封志后,应当作出记录,并共同签字确认。
第二十六条 承运人、港口装卸企业对集装箱、集装箱货物的损坏或短缺的责任,交接前由交方承担,交接后由接方承担。但如果在交接后一百八十天内,接方能提出证据证明集装箱的损坏或集装箱货物的损坏或短缺是由交方原因造成,交方应当承担赔偿责任。法律另有规定的除外。
第二十七条 除法律另有规定外,承运人与托运人应当根据下列规定,对集装箱货物的损坏或短缺负责:
(一)由承运人负责装箱的货物,从承运人收到货物后至运达目的地交付收货人之前的期间内,箱内货物损坏或短缺,由承运人负责。
(二)由托运人负责装箱的货物,从装箱托运后至交付收货人之前的期间内,如箱体和封志完好,货物损坏或短缺,由托运人负责;如箱体损坏或封志破坏,箱内货物损坏或短缺,由承运人负责。
承运人与托运人或收货人之间要求赔偿的时效,从集装箱货物交付之日起算不超过一百八十天,但法律另有规定的除外。
第二十八条 由于托运人对集装箱货物申报不实造成人员伤亡,运输工具、货物自身及其他货物、集装箱损失的,由托运人负责。
第二十九条 由于装箱人的过失,造成人员伤亡,运输工具、其他货物、集装箱损失的,由装箱人负责。
第三十条 集装箱货物发生损坏或短缺,对外索赔时需要商检部门鉴定出证的,应当依照《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法》办理。
集装箱、集装箱货物发生短缺,对外索赔时需要理货机构出证的,应当依照有关规定办理。

第五章 罚 则
第三十一条 无运输营业执照从事集装箱运输业务的,由交通主管部门责令其停止营业,由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十二条 违反本规定及国家有关物价法规收取运输费用的,由物价管理部门给予处罚。
第三十三条 违反运输单证管理规定的,由交通主管部门视情节轻重给予警告或罚款。
第三十四条 扰乱运输秩序或随意扩大业务经营范围的,由交通主管部门责令其整顿,并由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十五条 当事人对处罚决定不服的,可以在收到处罚通知的次日起十五日内,向处罚机关的上一级机关申请复议。接到复议申请的机关应当在三十日内作出复议决定。当事人对复议决定仍不服的,可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议、不起诉,又不履行处罚决定或复议决定的,作出处罚决定的机关可以申请人民法院强制执行。

第六章 附 则
第三十六条 本规定由交通部负责解释。
交通部可以根据本规定制定实施细则。
第三十七条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATIONOF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATION
OF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT
(Promulgated by Decree No. 68 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on December 5, 1990, and effective as of the date of
promulgation)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in order to strengthen the administration
of maritime international container transport, to clearly define the
responsibilities of the various parties concerned, and to meet the State's
needs in handling foreign trade.
Article 2
These Provisions shall apply to those enterprises that are established
within the territory of the People's Republic of China for the handling of
maritime international container transport, and also to units and
individuals that are involved in the operations of maritime international
container transport.
Article 3
The Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China shall be
responsible for the administration of the operations of maritime
international container transport throughout the country.
Article 4
In conducting maritime international container transport, the principles
of safety, accuracy, speed, economy, and civilized services must be
followed and door-to-door transportation shall be actively developed.

Chapter II Procedures for the Examination and Approval of Applica- tions for the Establishment of Enterprises That Handle Maritime Inter- national Container Transport
Article 5
"Enterprises for the operations of maritime international container
transport" refers to those shipping enterprises that are engaged in
maritime international container transport, and also to those enterprises
that are engaged in port handling, with their inland transshipment
stations and freight stations that undertake maritime international
container transport.
Article 6
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
the operations of maritime international container transport shall be
submitted to the competent departments for communications of the
provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the
Central Government for examination and verification, and then to the
Ministry of Communications for examination and approval.
Article 7
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
port handling of international containers shall be submitted to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval, and then to the Ministry of Communications for
the record.
After the promulgation of these Provisions, the applications for the
establishment of new inland transshipment stations and freight stations
that undertake the transport of maritime international containers shall be
submitted first to the competent department that has established the said
enterprise for examination, verification, and consent; and then to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval; and finally to the Ministry of Communications
for the record. The procedures for the examination and approval of the
applications for the establishment of new transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of
Communications in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade.
Article 8
The applications for the establishment of Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures and Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures that handle
maritime international container transport shall be submitted to the
Ministry of Communications for examination, verification, and consent; and
shall then, in accordance with the provisions of the pertinent laws and
regulations, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations
and Trade for examination and approval.
Article 9
The establishment of enterprises that are engaged in the operations of
maritime international container transport must satisfy the following
conditions:
(1) to have transport vessels, transport motor vehicles, transport
equipment and other relevant facilities that correspond to their scope of
business and to the needs of their customers;
(2) to have the necessary organizational structure, site for setting up
their business office, and specialized administrative personnel;
(3) to have the registered capital and their own working capital that
meets the requirements of their business operations;
(4) to meet other conditions as stipulated by State laws, decrees and
regulations governing the establishment of enterprises.
Article 10
The competent department for communications shall examine, verify and
approve the scope of business operations of the enterprises that have
applied for the permission to handle maritime international container
transport in light of their sources of funds, the conditions of equipment
and facilities, the standard of administration, and the sources of
cargoes.
Article 11
The competent department of communications shall issue the approving
documents to those enterprises, which have obtained the approval to handle
maritime international container transport. The units that have received
the approving documents shall apply and go through the registration
procedures by presenting the aforesaid approving documents to the
administrative department for industry and commerce, which shall issue the
business licences after checking and approving the enterprises'
application: and only then shall the enterprises be permitted to start
business operations.
Cases concerning the establishment of inland transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall also be submitted to the Customs for the completion of
the registration procedures.

Chapter III Management of Freight Transportation
Article 12
The containers used in maritime international container transport shall
conform to the provisions and technical standards of the international
organization for the standardization of containers, and also to the
provisions of the pertinent international containers convention.
The owners and operators of containers shall do a good job in the
management and maintenance of containers and carry out regular
inspections, in order to guarantee the provision of containers that are
suitable for the transportation of cargoes. In case that the provisions
in the second paragraph of this Article have been violated, and, as a
result, goods are damaged or short in number or quantity, the person(s)
who is (are) held responsible for this shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 13
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall
guarantee that the vessels, motor vehicles, handling machinery and tools
are kept in a good technical condition, thereby ensuring the
transportation and safety of containers. In case that shippers and
enterprises that are engaged in port handling have violated the provisions
in the first paragraph of this Article, and, as a result, goods are
damaged or short in number or quantity, they shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 14
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling shall use the
container shipping documents.
Article 15
Shippers may directly organize the contracting of the transportation of
container goods, and consignors may directly hold business talks with
shippers or commission shipping agents for the consignment of import and
export container goods.
Article 16
Consignors shall submit an accurate report on the names of goods, and
their property, quantity, weight, and specifications. The goods shipped by
consignment in containers must conform to the requirements of container
transport, and marks on the goods should be obvious and clear.
Article 17
Consignors or shippers shall, before vanning, carry out a careful
inspection of containers, and containers that might cause an adverse
effect on to the transportation and vanning of goods may not be used.
Article 18
Containers which are used for shipping such perishables as grains, edible
oils, and frozen food, shall be inspected by the department for commodity
inspection and found to be up to the standard before they are used for
shipping.
Article 19
As soon as container goods have reached their destination, the shipper
shall promptly send a cargo delivery notice to the consignee; and the
consignee shall, upon receiving the notice, take delivery of goods on the
strength of the bill of lading. In case that the consignee fails to clear
the goods when the prescribed time limit is overdue, or that the consignee
fails to return the containers according to the prescribed time limit, the
said consignee shall be required to pay, in accordance with the pertinent
stipulations or with the agreement set forth in the contract, the
demurrage charge for the extended use of containers.
Article 20
The freight charges for maritime international container transport and
other expenses shall be calculated and collected in accordance with the
State provisions concerning shipping charges and charge rates. In the
absence of State provisions, the freight charges shall be calculated and
collected in accordance with the prices agreed upon by both parties. No
units shall be permitted to collect charges at random.
Article 21
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall submit
periodical statistical statements on transportation to the competent
department for communications.
Article 22
Various parties that are involved in maritime international container
transport shall, in good time, provide each other with information
concerning container transport.

Chapter IV Hand-Over Procedures and Responsibilities
Article 23
Shippers and consignors or consignees shall, in accordance with the hand-
over method stipulated in the bill of lading, handle the hand-over
operations of containers and container goods at marshalling yards, freight
stations, or other places agreed upon by the two parties concerned.
Article 24
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, which take
part in maritime international container transport, shall handle the hand-
over operations in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) maritime shippers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside
vessel through the tally companies and enterprises that are engaged in
port handling;
(2) with respect to containers transported by waterways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and waterway
carriers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside vessel;
(3) with respect to containers transported by highways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and highway carriers
shall handle the hand-over operations at the gate of the container
terminal;
(4) with respect to containers transported by railway through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling or highway carriers
and railway carriers shall handle the hand-over operations at the site of
handling.
Article 25
While handling the hand-over operations of containers, the two handling
parties shall check the container numbers, the bodies of containers and
the containers' marking seals. The loaded containers shall be handed over
by their marking seals and by the condition of container body: and the
empty containers shall be handed over by condition of container body.
After checking the container numbers, the bodies of containers and the
marking seals, the two handling parties shall make a record and confirm it
by appending their signatures to the record.
Article 26
With respect to the liabilities of shippers and enterprises that are
engaged in port handling for the damage and loss of containers and
container goods, before the hand-over operations, the liabilities shall be
taken up by the handing-over party; after the hand-over operations, the
liabilities shall be taken up by the receiving party. However, if, within
180 days immediately after the hand-over operations, the receiving party
is able to produce evidence to testify to the fact that the damage of the
containers, or the damage and loss of container goods, were caused by the
handing-over party, then the handing-over party shall take up the
liabilities for compensation, unless otherwise provided by law.
Article 27
Unless otherwise provided by law, shippers and consignors shall, in
accordance with the following provisions, take up the liabilities for the
damage or loss of container goods:
(1) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
shippers, if the goods in the containers are damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the day the shippers
receive the goods to the day when the goods reach their destination but
before they are handed over to the consignees, the shippers shall take up
the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
(2) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
consignors, if the container bodies and the marking seals have remained
intact but the goods (in the containers) have been damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the completion of the
vanning and the completion of the procedures for consignment to the day
before the containers are handed over to the consignees, the consignors
shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage; if the container
bodies are damaged or the marking seals broken, and the goods in the
containers are also damaged or are short in number or quantity, the
shippers shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
The time limits for shippers and consignors or consignees to raise claims
for compensation shall be limited to no more than 180 days, beginning from
the day when container goods are handed over, unless otherwise provided by
law.
Article 28
In case that the consignors' inaccurate or false declaration on container
goods has resulted in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of
means of transport of the goods proper and the containers, or of other
goods, the consignors shall bear the liabilities for the consequences
arising therefrom.
Article 29
In case that the fault of the person in charge of the vanning has resulted
in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of means of transport,
of other goods, or containers, the aforesaid person shall bear the
liabilities for the consequences arising therefrom.
Article 30
In case that the damage or shortage in number or quantity of container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates an appraisal and the issue of the relevant certificate by the
administrative department for commodity inspection, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the provisions in the Law of the People's
Republic of China on the Inspection of Import and Export Commodities. In
case that the shortage in number or quantity of containers or container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates the issue of the relevant certificate by the tally
department, the case shall be handled in accordance with the pertinent
provisions.

Chapter V Provisions on Penalties
Article 31
With respect to those who are engaged in container transport business
without a business licence for handling transport business, the competent
department for communications shall order them to cease business
operations, and penalties shall be imposed on them by the administrative
department for industry and commerce.
Article 32
With respect to those who have received shipping charges in violation of
these Provisions and the relevant laws and regulations of the State on
commodity prices, they shall be penalized by the department for the
control of commodity prices.
Article 33
With respect to those who have violated the administration of transport
documents, they shall be given an administrative warning or a pecuniary
penalty by the competent department for communications in light of the
seriousness of the cases.
Article 34
With respect to those who have disturbed the normal order of
transportation or have expanded their scope of business without
authorization, they shall be ordered by the competent department for
communications to carry out rectification of their business, and shall be
penalized by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Article 35
In the event that the person concerned does not accept the decision on
penalties, he/she may, within 15 days as of the first day after the
receipt of the notice of the decision on penalties, appeal to the
competent department immediately above the punishing department for
reconsideration of the aforesaid decision on penalties. The competent
department that has received the appeal for reconsideration shall, within
30 days (after receiving the appeal), make the decision on
reconsideration. If the person concerned still does not accept the
decision of the reconsideration, he/she may, within 15 days immediately
after receiving the decision on reconsideration, bring a suit before a
people's court. If the person concerned neither appeal for
reconsideration, nor bring a suit before the people's court, nor execute
the decision on penalties or the decision of the reconsideration within
the prescribed period of time, the department that has made the decision
on penalties may apply to the people's court for enforcement.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 36
The right to interpret these Provisions resides in the Ministry of
Communications. The Ministry of Communications may formulate the rules for
implementation in accordance with these Provisions.
Article 37
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.



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